One way of sorting these is by temporal relation to a given reference point, e.g. There are a wide variety of manifestations of sexual conflict, occurring in a broad range of taxa. Some regard sexual conflict as a subset of sexual selection, while others suggest it is a separate evolutionary phenomena. Sexual conflict may lead to sexually antagonistic co-evolution, in which one sex (usually males) evolves a "manipulative" trait which is countered by a "resistance" trait in the other sex. A classic example is the human hip, where females need larger hips for childbirth. they are expressed differently in the sexes. Intralocus sexual conflict, where the same set of alleles in males and females have different optima.Another form is sexual harassment, where males harm females to gain access to matings, such as when toxins are released in sperm by male Drosophila melanogaster. This can be in the form of conflict over parental care, where males are more prone to abandon offspring. Interlocus sexual conflict, where male alleles have conflicting interests with females. It has primarily been studied in animals, though it can in principle apply to any sexually reproducing organism, such as plants. Sexual conflict occurs when the two sexes have conflicting optimal fitness strategies concerning reproduction, leading to evolutionary arms race between males and females.
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